通讯作者: 赵仁兵, rbzh2005@163.com

DOI：10.12201/bmr.202504.00019

Analysis of Detection and Epidemiological Characteristics of Respiratory Pathogens in Children in Zibo from 2020 to 2022

• 摘要：目的 回顾分析2020年1月至2022年12月淄博地区儿童13种常见呼吸道病原体的分布特征,为科学防控儿童呼吸道感染提供理论依据。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月淄博市妇幼保健院儿科收治的3091例住院呼吸道感染患儿的临床数据。采集患者咽拭子或肺泡灌洗液,采用基于毛细电泳的多重逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测13种常见呼吸道病原体。使用SPSS 25.0软件分析不同性别、年龄及季节间病原体分布的差异。结果 在3091例患儿中,1794例检出病原体,阳性率为58.03%。前三位病原体依次为肺炎支原体(17.7%)、鼻病毒(16.5%)和呼吸道合胞病毒(8.7%)。单一感染率为47.75%,混合感染率为10.28%,以两种病原体混合感染最为常见。性别间阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄组病原谱存在显著差异(P<0.001):婴儿组呼吸道合胞病毒检出率最高(18.1%)；幼儿组鼻病毒为主(17.2%)；学龄前和学龄组均以肺炎支原体为主,分别为20.2%和53.2%。季节分布显示,秋季阳性率最高(69.9%),春季最低(30.7%)(P<0.05)。春季以鼻病毒和肺炎支原体为主,夏季以鼻病毒和副流感病毒为主,秋季以肺炎支原体和呼吸道合胞病毒为主,冬季肺炎支原体和乙型流感病毒检出率较高。结论 2020-2022年期间,淄博地区儿童呼吸道感染以肺炎支原体、鼻病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒为主要病原体,不同年龄、季节间病原体分布存在显著差异,为临床诊疗和防控策略提供了依据。

  关键词： 儿童; 呼吸道感染; 病原体分布; 流行特征; 聚合酶链反应

   

  Abstract: Objective To analyze the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of 13 common respiratory pathogens in children in Zibo from 2020 to 2022, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pediatric respiratory infections.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on clinical data from 3,091 hospitalized children with respiratory infections at the Pediatric Department of Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022. Throat swabs or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected, and 13 common respiratory pathogens were detected using capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis of pathogen distribution across gender, age groups, and seasons was performed using SPSS 25.0 software.Results Of the 3,091 cases, 1,794 (58.03%) tested positive for respiratory pathogens. The three most prevalent pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (17.7%), rhinovirus (16.5%), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (8.7%). The single-infection rate was 47.75%, while mixed infections accounted for 10.28%, with dual-pathogen infections being the most common. No significant difference was found in positivity rates between males (57.7%) and females (58.5%) (P > 0.05). Pathogen distribution varied significantly across age groups (P < 0.001): RSV predominated in infants (18.1%), rhinovirus was most frequent in toddlers (17.2%), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the leading pathogen in both preschool (20.2%) and school-aged children (53.2%). Seasonally, the positivity rate was highest in autumn (69.9%) and lowest in spring (30.7%) (P < 0.05). Rhinovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were dominant in spring, rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus in summer, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and RSV in autumn, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza B virus in winter.
  Conclusion From 2020 to 2022, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, and RSV were the predominant respiratory pathogens among children in Zibo. Pathogen distribution showed significant variations across age groups and seasons, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies.

  Key words: Children; Respiratory infections; Pathogen distribution; Epidemiological characteristics; Polymerase chain reaction

  提交时间：2025-04-08

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• 序号	提交日期	编号	操作
  1	2025-03-19	bmr.202504.00019V1	下载

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