通讯作者: 黄葭燕, jiayanhuang@fudan.edu.cn

DOI：10.12201/bmr.202207.00028

Analysis of the implementation of health assistance by the US government (2001-2020)

• 摘要：目的 分析美国政府实施对外卫生援助的特点，为我国开展对外卫生援助的提供参考。 方法 本研究基于美国国际开发署的对外援助数据库，从实施部门（横向）和实施时间（纵向）两个维度，定量分析美国政府机构实施的卫生援助。分别比较不同维度内的援助渠道，受援地区和健康领域的异同点。结果 2001年至2020年，美国政府实施卫生援助的主要渠道是政府机构、非政府组织渠道、多边组织渠道以及企业渠道。美国本土机构是构成非政府组织和企业渠道的主体。主要援助地区是撒哈拉以南的非洲，主要援助的健康领域是艾滋病防控。美国国务院、国际开发署、卫生与公众服务部是三大出资机构。近三届总统任期内的卫生援助在地区国家、健康领域的分布上表现出了一定的一致性。结论 顶层设计上，建议我国政府继续强化卫生援助在对外政策中的战略定位。实施层面上，建议我国政府积极动员包括非政府组织、私人企业、科研机构等在内的非国家行为体参与卫生援助，同时强化卫生援助的评估与监管体系。

  关键词： 美国; 卫生援助; 非政府组织; 健康

   

  Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics of the US governments implementation of health assistance, and to provide reference for the formulation of Chinas health assistance policy. Methods Based on the U.S. Agency for International Development Foreign Aid Explorer（FAE）database, this study quantitatively analyzed the health assistance provided by US government agencies from the two dimensions: government departments (horizontal) and the presidency (vertical). This study also compared the similarities and differences between the assistance channels, the recipient regions and the health fields. Results From 2001 to 2020, the main channels for the U.S. government to implement health assistance were government departments, non-governmental organizations(NGO), multilateral organizations and enterprises. Native organizations in the United States were the main body of NGO and enterprise channel. The main recipient regions was sub-Saharan Africa, and the health field was AIDS prevention and control. The U.S. Department of State, the Agency for International Development, and the Ministry of Health and Human Services were the three major funding agencies. The health assistance during the last three terms of the presidential term had shown a certain consistency in the distribution of regions, countries, and health fields.. Conclusions In terms of top-level design, it is recommended that the Chinese government continue to strengthen the strategic positioning of health assistance in foreign policy. At the implementation level, it is recommended that the Chinese government actively mobilize non-state actors, including NGOs, private enterprises and research institutions, to participate in health assistance, and at the same time strengthen the evaluation and supervision system of health assistance.

  Key words: United States; Health assistance; Non-governmental organization; health

  提交时间：2022-07-15

  版权声明：作者本人独立拥有该论文的版权，预印本系统仅拥有论文的永久保存权利。任何人未经允许不得重复使用。
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• 序号	提交日期	编号	操作
  1	2022-03-09	bmr.202207.00028V1	下载

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