Association Between Serum CXCL14 Levels and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202506.00073

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  Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between serum C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14) levels and carotid atherosclerotic plaques (CAP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 262 patients with T2DM (T2DM group) and 131 healthy controls (control group) who underwent physical examination at our hospital between January 2022 and February 2025 were prospectively enrolled in a 2:1 ratio. T2DM patients were further divided into a CAP group and a non-CAP group based on the presence or absence of carotid plaques. Serum CXCL14 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between serum CXCL14 levels and clinical characteristics in CAP patients was analyzed using Spearman or rank biserial correlation analysis. The association between serum CXCL14 levels and CAP in T2DM patients was assessed using multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of serum CXCL14 levels for CAP in T2DM patients. Results Serum CXCL14 levels were significantly higher in the T2DM group than in the control group (t＝-12.432, P＜0.001). The incidence of CAP among the 262 T2DM patients was 42.75% (112/262). Serum CXCL14 levels were significantly higher in the CAP group compared to the non-CAP group (t＝-7.530, P＜0.001). In CAP patients, serum CXCL14 levels were positively correlated with diabetes duration, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 ( all P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher CXCL14 levels (OR＝7.855, 95%CI: 3.403 to 18.131) were independently associated with increased CAP risk in T2DM patients after adjusting for demographic, metabolic, and inflammatory indicators (P＜0.05). RCS regression revealed a significant and positive dose–response relationship between serum CXCL14 levels and CAP risk in T2DM patients after adjustment (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that when serum CXCL14 was 1.32 ng/mL, the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting CAP in T2DM patients was 0.772 (95%CI: 0.716 to 0.821), with a sensitivity of 0.589 and specificity of 0.820. Conclusion Elevated serum CXCL14 levels are positively associated with an increased risk of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and demonstrate good predictive efficiency.
  Keywords:Type 2 diabetes mellitus; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14; Carotid atherosclerotic plaques; Prediction

  Key words: [keywords missed]

  Submit time: 24 June 2025

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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