Application and evaluation of mixed reality in neurosurgical anatomy and surgical planning teaching

Corresponding author: Chen Xiaolei, cda301@126.com

DOI: 10.12201/bmr.202507.00009

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  Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of mixed reality (MR) technology in neurosurgical anatomy and surgical planning education. Methods Thirty neurosurgical trainees were enrolled in this study. During the anatomy teaching phase, participants first received teaching with 2D images, followed by interaction with a MR-based 3D intracerebral hemorrhage model to learn relevant anatomical structures. The effectiveness of anatomy teaching was assessed via questionnaires. For surgical planning education, participants were randomly assigned to either an MR group (n=15) or a traditional teaching group (n=15). The two groups were compared in terms of scores of path selection rationality, awareness of structural preservation, and self-assessed mastery. Results In the anatomy teaching study, 100% of participants considered MR visualization superior to 2D screens; 90% reported improved understanding of spatial relationships and three-dimensional neuroanatomy, and 93.3% were satisfied with the MR-based anatomy teaching. In the surgical planning teaching study, the MR group showed significantly higher scores than the traditional group in path selection rationality (7.9 vs. 6.5), structural preservation awareness (8.4 vs. 6.2), and self-rated mastery (8.1 vs. 6.8) (P<0.05). Conclusion MR technology demonstrates substantial educational value and clinical application potential in enhancing anatomical comprehension and surgical path planning in neurosurgical training.

  Key words: mixed reality; neurosurgery; computer aided instruction; surgical planning; anatomical visualization; three-dimensional imaging

  Submit time: 3 July 2025

  Copyright: The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted biomedRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
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